カテゴリー: サイエンス

資本主義とは

 

社会主義とは

 

 共産主義とは

共通点

人間の欲を甘く見て深く考えなかった主義主張です。

What is capitalism?

The history of capitalism is widely interpreted depending on its origin, definition, and stage of development, but it can be roughly understood as follows.

Origin:

Commercial capitalism (from around the 14th century): The period in medieval Europe when merchants began to accumulate wealth through long-distance trade and financial services.

Industrial capitalism (from around the 18th century): The period when the Industrial Revolution led to the development of factory-based mechanical industries and the establishment of a system in which capitalists employed workers to produce goods.

Stages of development:

Laissez-faire (19th century): A philosophy that emphasizes market mechanisms and minimizes government intervention.

Modified capitalism (first half of the 20th century): A period after the Great Depression, when governments began to actively intervene in the economy.

Welfare state (second half of the 20th century): A philosophy that aims to improve social security systems and correct income disparities.

Global capitalism (late 20th century): A period when globalization progressed and multinational corporations came to have a major influence on the world economy.
Neoliberalism (late 20th century~): A philosophy that revives market fundamentalism and promotes deregulation and privatization.

Modern capitalism:

Information capitalism: An era in which information and knowledge become important resources due to the development of IT technology.

Platform capitalism: An era in which companies provide services through online platforms and build huge wealth.

Stakeholder capitalism: A philosophy that companies should fulfill their responsibilities not only to shareholders but also to various stakeholders such as employees, customers, and local communities.

More information on the history of capitalism:

Books:
Jurgen Kocka, “The History of Capitalism: Origins, Expansion, and Present”
Eric Hobsbawm, “The Age of Capitalism”
Website:
Diamond Online, “How did capitalism come into being? A 3-minute read on the history of the birth of the ‘competitive society'” https://diamond.jp/articles/-/60471

The history of capitalism is constantly changing. New forms of capitalism are being sought to solve the problems facing modern capitalism (widening inequality, environmental problems, etc.).

If you need more information, please refer to the above resources or ask specific questions.

What is Socialism?

The history of socialism can be broadly divided into the following periods.

1. Early Socialism (late 18th century to early 19th century)

The idea of ​​a more equal society was born against the backdrop of the widening gap between rich and poor and the poor working conditions of workers caused by the Industrial Revolution.

Representative thinkers:

Robert Owen (England): advocated the establishment of cooperatives and the improvement of working conditions.

Henri de Saint-Simon (France): advocated social reform through the development of science and technology.

Charles Fourier (France): envisioned the ideal community of the “phalanstere.”

2. Scientific Socialism (mid-19th century to early 20th century)

Proposed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Analyzed the contradictions of capitalist society and advocated a revolution by the working class and the construction of a socialist society.

The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867-) were published, which had a major impact on the world.

3. Socialism in Practice (20th Century)

The Russian Revolution of 1917 gave birth to the Soviet Union, the world’s first socialist state.
After World War II, socialist governments were established around the world, including in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America.
However, Soviet-style socialism had problems such as economic stagnation and political oppression, and after the Eastern European Revolution of 1989, the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991.

4. Diversification of Socialism (late 20th century to present)

After the collapse of Soviet-style socialism, forms of socialism have diversified.
China has introduced a market economy while maintaining a one-party system of Communist rule.
Northern European countries have realized a society with high welfare and high tax burdens based on social democracy.
Latin American countries such as Venezuela and Bolivia are exploring their own unique form of socialism, known as 21st century socialism.

The history of socialism is a trail of ideas and movements that aimed to realize an equal society, and the search for this goal continues in various forms even today.

If you would like to know more about any era, region, or thinker, please feel free to ask us.

What is Communism?

Communism is an ideology, movement, and system that denies private ownership of the means of production and the gap between rich and poor in capitalist society, and aims for the sharing of the means of production and social equality.

The main characteristics are as follows.

Sharing of the means of production: The aim is to share the means of production, such as land, factories, and machines, with the entire society, rather than private ownership. This is believed to prevent the monopoly of wealth by a few capitalists, and to carry out production activities for the benefit of the entire society.

Class struggle: The conflict between the capitalist class and the working class is regarded as a fundamental contradiction in society, and the aim is to overthrow capitalist society through revolution by the working class and build a communist society.

Planned economy: The economy is run by planned production and distribution by the state, rather than by market principles. It is believed that this will enable efficient use of resources and production that meets the needs of the entire society.

Social equality: We aim to realize an equal society without differences between rich and poor. We aim to provide basic services such as education, medical care, and housing free of charge, so that everyone can enjoy equal opportunities and a standard of living.

Communism is based on the “scientific socialism” advocated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and communist systems were established in many countries, including the Soviet Union and China, in the 20th century. However, problems such as economic stagnation and political oppression arose, and Soviet-style socialism collapsed.

Today, there are various forms of communism, such as countries like China that have introduced a market economy but maintain a one-party system of communist rule, and countries like the Nordic countries that realize a high-welfare, high-tax society based on social democracy.

Communism is an ideology that aims to realize an ideal society, and it still sparks various discussions and movements today.

Common points

It is a doctrine that underestimates human desires and does not give them much thought.

 

 

Individual power and organizational power: Advantages and disadvantages of individuals and organizations

In modern society, individual ability and organizational power are intricately intertwined and influence each other. Here, I will explain the advantages and disadvantages of each in about 1000 words.

individual power

merit

Flexibility and speed: Individuals can respond quickly to changing circumstances and act on their own judgment. You can promote problem solving and innovation flexibly and quickly without going through the organizational decision-making process.
Diverse perspectives and creativity: The individuality and experience of individuals creates diverse perspectives and ideas, which bring new value to the organization. The power of individuals is essential in increasing the creativity and competitiveness of the entire organization.
Self-growth and motivation: By maximizing your individual abilities and achieving results, you can feel self-growth and increase your motivation. Personal growth also leads to the revitalization of the entire organization.

Demerit

Limited resources and capabilities: Individuals have limited resources and capabilities available to them compared to organizations. Large projects and complex problems require the help of an organization.
Isolation and Risk: Working alone can leave you isolated without organizational support or opportunities to share information. There is also the risk that an individual’s misjudgment or failure can affect the entire organization.
organizational skills

merit

Sharing of resources and capabilities: Organizations have a diverse set of people and resources that enable them to achieve goals that individuals cannot achieve alone. Sharing resources and capabilities across the organization enables efficient and effective operations.
Stability and sustainability: Organizations can continue to operate stably, regardless of the transfer or retirement of individuals. Additionally, by passing on the know-how and culture of the organization, we can aim for long-term growth and development.
Risk distribution and support: Organizations can distribute individual failures and risks and provide support structures. By working to solve problems with the power of the entire organization, the burden on individuals can be reduced and stable results can be achieved.

Demerit

Delays in decision-making: Decision-making can take time as organizations must reconcile diverse opinions and interests. Situations that require a quick response can hinder an organization’s decision-making process.
Bureaucracy and rigidity: As organizations grow, they tend to develop bureaucratic structures and rigid rules. It can inhibit the free thinking and actions of individuals and reduce the vitality of the entire organization.
summary

Individual strength and organizational strength each have their own merits and demerits, and it is not possible to simply compare which one is better. The important thing is to understand the characteristics of each and use them appropriately depending on the situation. By leveraging each other’s strengths and working together, individuals and organizations can achieve even greater results.

 

 

 

Interpersonal interaction is a very important element in social life. Here, we will explain the advantages and disadvantages of relationships between individuals, as well as the changes in modern society.

merit

Deepening empathy and understanding: Through interpersonal interaction, we can share each other’s feelings and thoughts and deepen empathy and understanding. This will help you build good relationships and eliminate feelings of loneliness.
Encounter with diverse values: By interacting with individuals with different backgrounds and values, you can broaden your horizons and gain new perspectives and ways of thinking. Exposure to diverse values is important in promoting self-growth and creativity.
Cooperation and Mutual Support: Individuals can overcome difficult situations and achieve goals by working together and supporting each other. Collaborative relationships have the potential to bring out the full potential of individuals and produce greater results.

Demerit

Conflict and friction: Conflict and friction can arise from differences in values and opinions. In order to maintain good relationships, it is necessary to respect each other and make efforts to facilitate communication.
Dependency and bondage: Excessive interaction between individuals can lead to dependence and bondage, which can inhibit personal freedom and autonomy. In order to build a healthy relationship, it is important to maintain an appropriate distance.
Time and energy consumption: Interpersonal interactions require time and energy. In today’s busy society, it is necessary to build well-balanced relationships within a limited amount of time.

Changes in modern society

With the spread of SNS and online communication, the way individuals interact has changed dramatically. It has become possible to connect with diverse people beyond physical distance and time constraints. On the other hand, online communication also has the aspect that it is difficult to convey emotions and nuances compared to face-to-face communication.

In modern society, it is important to use face-to-face and online communication in a well-balanced manner to build good relationships. By accepting diverse values while respecting and empathizing with each other, relationships between individuals will become richer and more meaningful.

The relationships between organizations are extremely complex and diverse in modern society. Here, we will explain the advantages and disadvantages of interorganizational relationships, as well as the changes in modern society.

merit

Complementary resources and capabilities: Different organizations have different resources and capabilities. By collaborating between organizations, we can leverage each other’s strengths and complement each other’s weaknesses. This makes it possible to achieve goals that cannot be achieved alone and to create new value.
Spread risk and improve stability: Collaboration across organizations can spread risk and improve business stability. For example, working together makes it easier to respond to changes in the market and the emergence of competitors.
Information sharing and fostering innovation: Sharing information and knowledge across organizations increases the likelihood of new ideas and technologies. Innovation can be encouraged through joint R&D and technology partnerships.
Contributing to society and improving brand image: By collaborating between organizations and working to solve social issues, you can contribute to society and improve your company’s brand image.

Demerit

Conflicts of Interest and Competition: Conflicts of interest and competition may arise between organizations. In order to build a cooperative relationship, we need to respect each other’s interests and build a win-win relationship.
Difficulties in communication: Communication may not proceed smoothly due to differences in organizational culture and values. In order to avoid misunderstandings and friction, it is important to deepen mutual understanding and build relationships of trust.
Delays in decision-making: Collaboration between organizations requires reaching consensus among multiple organizations, which can take time to make decisions. Situations that require a quick response require a flexible response.

Changes in modern society

With the advancement of globalization and digitalization, relationships between organizations are becoming increasingly complex. Companies need to cooperate with various organizations both domestically and internationally to survive the competition. They must also respond to new risks, such as the increasing complexity of supply chains and the threat of cyber attacks.

In modern society, collaboration between organizations is essential, and its importance is increasing. New forms of collaboration are also emerging, such as open innovation and alliances. Organizations are required to respond flexibly to changing environments and create new value while leveraging each other’s strengths.

 

 

 

「基本的には被害者の味方・ファンの味方がポジションです」

特に未成年には。

ただし、ポジショントークがあることは悪ではない。

見極めを大切に！！

では下記に記載します。

 

position talk

 

“Basically, my position is to be on the side of the victim and the fans.”

Especially for minors.

However, having position talk is not a bad thing.

Take care to discern! !

I will describe it below.

 

1. Conflict of interest:

Position within the organization: Depending on the department or position, the goals and KPIs that are emphasized differ, so people may have different opinions on the same issue.
Industry and market position: Opinions may change based on factors such as your relationship with competitors and your company’s market share.
Personal Interests: You may change your mind about matters that concern your personal interests, such as promotions or compensation.

2. Scope of responsibility:

Decision-making authority: Opinions may differ between those in a position to make decisions and those in a position to implement them, as they have different levels of responsibility.
Reach: Some people are more cautious about issues that affect their team or organization as a whole, while others are more risk-taking and bold.

3. Information amount and perspective:

Accessible information: Opinions about the same event can change depending on the amount and quality of information available.
Expertise and experience: Depending on your field of expertise and past experience, points of focus and interpretation may differ, so opinions may differ.

4. Values and beliefs:

Ethics: Differences in values regarding justice and morality can lead to conflicting opinions.
Organizational Culture: Opinions can be influenced by the values and norms shared within an organization.
Personal Beliefs: Opinions may be influenced by personal beliefs and ideology.

5. Communication:

How to express: Even if you have the same opinion, the way you express it gives different impressions to others, which can lead to misunderstandings and conflicting opinions.
Mutual understanding: Sometimes disagreements can be resolved by trying to understand the other person’s position and opinions.

These factors are intricately intertwined and influence an individual’s opinion formation. It’s not necessarily a bad thing to have different opinions depending on your position. Exchanging diverse opinions and deepening discussions can lead to better decision-making and problem-solving.

 

victim and perpetrator
Problems in Japan

 

 

In Japan, various issues have been pointed out regarding the issue of victims and perpetrators, including the following:

victim

Secondary victimization: The problem of secondary victimization is a serious one, as victims are exposed to heartless words and prejudice after the incident, causing mental pain. Particularly in cases such as sexual crimes, victims may be blamed and their privacy violated.
Lack of support system: It has been pointed out that the support system for victims is insufficient. The current situation is that some victims are unable to receive the support they need, such as financial support and psychological care.
Burden on investigations and trials: There is a problem in that victims face a heavy psychological burden when cooperating with investigations and trials. In some cases, privacy protection and consideration may not be sufficient.

Perpetrator

Lack of rehabilitation support: There is an insufficient system to support the rehabilitation of offenders, and there are challenges in preventing recidivism. After being released from prison, there are many cases where it is difficult to reintegrate into society, and some perpetrators end up isolated.
Prejudice against the perpetrator’s family: The perpetrator’s family may be subject to prejudice and discrimination even though they have nothing to do with the incident.
Social sanctions: Social sanctions against perpetrators and their families, such as online slander, can be excessive.

others

Media coverage: Media coverage can sometimes be viewed as problematic, such as invading the privacy of victims or overly blaming perpetrators.
Misconceptions about sexual crimes: There are widespread misconceptions about the perpetrators and victims of sexual crimes.
Juvenile delinquency: The younger age and more violent nature of juvenile delinquency has been seen as a problem, and debate continues over revisions to the Juvenile Law.

In order to solve these problems, various initiatives are being taken, such as enhancing victim support, strengthening rehabilitation support for perpetrators, improving media coverage, disseminating correct knowledge about sexual crimes, and strengthening measures against juvenile crimes. It is needed.

Fans and anti-fans refer to people who have strong feelings of liking or disliking towards a certain object (person, work, organization, etc.).

Fan characteristics

show passionate love or support for a target
Actively collect and share information about the subject
Support the target and wish for success
Form a community and interact with fans of the same target
refute or defend a subject against criticism

Characteristics of anti

Show strong dislike or criticism towards a target
Collect and spread negative information about the target
Wishing the target failure or ridiculing it
Form a community with antis who share the same target, sympathize with each other, and share information.
refute or deny a positive opinion about a subject

Problems between fans and antis

When the conflict between fans and anti-fans intensifies, it can lead to problems such as slander and flames.
Excessive fan activity may violate the privacy of the target or lead to nuisance.
Slander and false rumors by anti-people can lead to mental pain and defamation of the target.
Conflict between fans and anti-fans can exacerbate social divisions.

How to deal with fans and antis

Fans should remember to be considerate of others when expressing their love for the subject.
Antis should be careful not to use slander or false rumors when expressing criticism of a target.
Fans and antis should respect each other’s opinions and try to have constructive dialogue.
Those involved will take appropriate measures to prevent conflicts between fans and anti-fans from escalating.

Fans and antis are both entities that show a strong interest in the subject, and their existence cannot be denied. However, it is important to respect each other’s opinions and build a constructive relationship.

 

 

最近のおススメ

22-78

RIRIKO

 

Music and human history have a deep and close relationship that goes back to the origins of humanity. Music has played an important role in various aspects of human life, including emotional expression, communication, social cohesion, and healing.

Origin and early development of music

The origins of music are uncertain, but archaeological evidence suggests that music existed as early as the Paleolithic period. It is assumed that early humans created music through the sounds of nature, clapping their hands, stomping their feet, and singing, and used it in ceremonies and festivals.

music in ancient civilizations

In ancient civilizations, music played an important role in a variety of situations, including religious ceremonies, political events, theater, and entertainment. Civilizations such as ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, India, and China developed their own unique musical cultures, and developed musical instruments, music theory, and musical notation.

Music of the Middle Ages and Renaissance

In medieval Europe, Christian church music took center stage, and Gregorian chant developed. During the Renaissance, secular music also flourished, and polyphonic music and instrumental music developed.

Baroque, classical, and romantic music

The Baroque period saw the emergence of new musical forms such as opera, concerto, and sonata, and featured composers such as Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi. During the Classical period, artists such as Mozart, Beethoven, and Haydn were active, and forms such as the symphony, string quartet, and piano sonata were established. During the Romantic era, artists such as Schubert, Schumann, Chopin, and Wagner were active, creating music rich in emotional expression.

Music from the 20th century onwards

Since the 20th century, advances in recording and broadcasting technology have made music accessible to a wider range of people. In addition to classical music, various genres of music such as jazz, rock, pop, and electronic music have been created and enjoyed all over the world.

The relationship between music and humans

Music has a great influence on human emotions, thoughts, and actions. Listening to music can trigger emotions such as joy, sadness, anger, and excitement, as well as have relaxing effects and improve concentration. Music also promotes social connections between people and contributes to the transmission of culture.

The history and relationship between music and humans is extremely diverse, so we have provided an overview here. If you want to know more, it’s a good idea to focus on a specific era, region, or genre.

 

Sound has various effects on the human mind and body. The effects vary depending on the type of sound, loudness, frequency, duration, etc.

psychological impact

Evoking Emotions: Music can evoke a variety of emotions, including joy, sadness, anger, and excitement. Faster tempo songs tend to be more exciting, while slower songs tend to have a more relaxing effect.
Memory recall: Certain music can remind you of past events and emotions. This is because music is associated with memory.
Improves concentration and creativity: Certain types of music have been shown to improve concentration and creativity. An example is Mozart’s music.
Stress Reduction: Nature sounds and relaxing music can help reduce stress and relax the mind and body.

physiological effects

Changes in heart rate and blood pressure: Fast-paced music can increase your heart rate and blood pressure. Conversely, slow music can lower your heart rate and stabilize your blood pressure.
Changes in breathing: Your breathing may change to match the rhythm of the music. Relaxing music has the effect of making your breathing deeper and slower.
Changes in hormone secretion: Listening to music releases hormones such as dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin, which can lead to feelings of happiness and relaxation.
Improves immune function: Certain types of music have been shown to improve immune function.

others

Improves sleep quality: Relaxing music can improve the quality of your sleep.
Pain Relief: Music therapy has also been shown to be effective in relieving pain.

important point

Negative effects of noise: Loud or unpleasant sounds can cause stress and hearing damage.
Individual Differences: Individuals react differently to sound.

Music has the potential to enrich our lives and positively impact our minds and bodies. However, the influences are wide-ranging and vary greatly from person to person, so it is important to choose music that suits you.

 

 

What is prayer?

Prayer is the act of offering wishes and gratitude to transcendent beings such as God and Buddha. It typically includes elements such as:

Target: The target of prayer can be various things such as God, Buddha, ancestors, nature spirits, etc.
Purpose: The purpose of prayer is varied, such as fulfilling wishes, expressing gratitude, and finding peace of mind.
Methods: There are many ways to pray, including prayers in words, prayers in songs, and prayers in dance.

By praying, you can expect the following effects:

Peace of mind: Prayer can help you calm down and relax.
Reduce stress: Prayer suppresses the secretion of stress hormones and reduces stress.
Increased self-esteem: Prayer increases your self-esteem.
Improving human relationships: Prayer improves human relationships by developing compassion and compassion for others.
What is a curse?

Cursing is the act of using divine or spiritual power to cause harm to someone. It typically includes elements such as:

Target: The target of the curse can be a specific person, group, or location.
Purpose: Curses have various purposes, such as causing illness, misfortune, or death.
Methods: There are many ways to curse, including verbal curses, doll curses, and magical curses.

By performing a curse, you can expect the following effects.

Harm others: Curses can cause illness, misfortune, or even death in others.
Take revenge: You can take revenge on someone you have a grudge against by casting a curse.
Gain power: You can control people and gain power by performing curses.

However, cursing is an ethically questionable act and comes with the following risks:

Be Cursed: When you curse, you may be cursed back.
Feeling Guilt: Cursing can make you feel guilty.
Social isolation: Cursing can lead to social isolation.
prayer vs curse

Prayer and cursing are both acts related to God and spiritual power, but they differ greatly in the following points.

Item Prayer Curse
Purpose: Fulfilling a wish, conveying gratitude, gaining peace of mind, etc. Attempting to harm the other person
Emotions Goodwill, compassion, gratitude, etc. Anger, hatred, resentment, etc.
Impact: Good influence on the person praying. Bad influence on the target of the curse.
Ethics Ethically acceptable behavior Ethically problematic behavior

In this way, praying and cursing can be said to be actions with diametrically opposed characteristics.

 

Scientific analysis of prayers and curses

Scientific analyzes of prayers and curses have been attempted in various fields since ancient times. However, since both are actions rooted in subjective experience and beliefs, and objective measurement and analysis are difficult, scientific conclusions have not yet been reached.

Below, we will introduce representative research examples and challenges related to the scientific analysis of prayers and curses.

Scientific analysis of prayer

Scientific analysis of prayer is mainly carried out in the following ways.

Randomized controlled trial: Subjects are randomly divided into groups that pray and those that do not, and the health and mental states of each group are compared.
Neuroscience: Using a functional brain imaging device, we will observe brain activity during prayer.
Psychology: Examining the effects of prayer on psychological states.

These studies suggest that prayer may have the following effects:

Improving immune function: Prayer has been shown to have effects such as activating immune cells and suppressing inflammation.
Pain Relief: Prayer can reduce pain, including chronic pain.
Improves depression: Prayer may improve symptoms of depression.

However, these studies are only preliminary, and more research is needed.

Scientific analysis of curses

Scientific analysis of curses faces even more difficult challenges.

Ethical Issues: It is ethically problematic to conduct research into curses that actually harm people.
Difficulty in objective measurement: It is very difficult to objectively measure the effects of a curse.

Therefore, scientific analysis of curses is mainly carried out in the following ways.

Ethnography: Investigating the culture and beliefs of the people who actually practice curses.
Experimental psychology: Make subjects believe that they have been cursed, and observe their subsequent behavior and psychological state.

These studies have provided some insight into the effects of curses on people’s psychological states.

However, there is no scientific conclusion as to whether curses actually have the power to harm people.

Challenges and prospects

Scientific analysis of prayers and curses faces many challenges.

Difficulty in objective measurement: It is very difficult to objectively measure the effectiveness of prayers and curses.
Placebo effect: The effects of prayers and curses may also be due to a placebo effect.
Ethical Issues: Curse research involves ethical issues.

Further research is needed to overcome these challenges.

However, scientific analysis of prayers and curses may play an important role in deepening our understanding of the human spiritual world and beliefs. It is expected that these studies will advance further in the future due to the development of science and technology.

summary

Prayer and curses have been deeply rooted in people’s lives since ancient times. Although scientific analysis is fraught with difficult challenges, a variety of research efforts have been made in recent years.

Through these studies, we will be able to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of prayer and curses on the human mind and body.

Challenges of scientific analysis of curses

The scientific analysis of curses faces many more difficult challenges than the scientific analysis of prayers. There are three main reasons for this.

1. Ethical issues

Conducting research on curses that actually harm people is ethically problematic. Actual harm to subjects is not allowed, and even if such research were conducted, it would be difficult to publish the results.

Furthermore, research into curses may be seen as an act of blasphemy against people’s faith and culture. Therefore, researchers cannot neglect ethical considerations.

2. Difficulty in objective measurement

It is very difficult to objectively measure the effects of a curse.

In the first place, there is no standard for determining whether or not someone is cursed.
The problem with curse effects is that they are easily influenced by the subject’s psychological state and suggestions.
The effects of a curse are long-term and may not appear immediately.

For these reasons, scientific analysis of curses has made it difficult to draw conclusions based on objective data.

3. Placebo effect

The effects of the curse may also be due to a placebo effect.

The placebo effect is a psychological phenomenon in which people expect the effect of a drug to actually have that effect.

If a subject believes they are under a curse, they may actually become unwell or experience an unfortunate event.

Therefore, in curse research, it is important to eliminate the influence of the placebo effect.

Future outlook

Despite these challenges, research on the scientific analysis of curses has slowly progressed in recent years.

Ethnography: Research that investigates the culture and beliefs of people who actually perform curses.
Experimental psychology: Research in which subjects are made to believe that they have been cursed and their subsequent behavior and psychological state are observed.
Brain science: Research to observe brain activity when cursed

Through these studies, we have gained some knowledge about the effects of curses on people’s psychological states.

However, there is no scientific conclusion as to whether curses actually have the power to harm people.

It is expected that these studies will advance further in the future due to the development of science and technology.

Scientific analysis of curses has the potential to play an important role in deepening our understanding of the human spiritual world and beliefs, although it faces challenges such as ethical issues and the difficulty of objective measurement.